Acidente de hipoclorito de sódio durante retratamento endodôntico / Sodium hypochlorite accident during endodontic retreatment / Accidente con hipoclorito de sodio durante retratamiento

O retratamento endodôntico é uma intervenção executada em um dente que já apresenta um tratamento realizado anteriormente que foi mal sucedido clínica e/ou radiograficamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de relatar um caso de retratamento endodôntico na clínica de Atenção Básica III da Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco devido ao desconforto estético do incisivo lateral superior que estava fraturado e necessitando de prótese fixa. Após anamnese, exames extra e intra-oral e exames radiográficos, constatou-se o canal do dente 12 havia sido tratado endodonticamente há aproximadamente quatro anos. A remoção da gutta percha contaminada foi realizada com as limas rotatórias EasyLogic RT® 25mm sequência 30.10 torque 4N e 900 RPM, 25.08 torque 4Ne 900 RPM. Após remoção da guta-percha, realizou-se o protocolo de irrigação com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% (Biodinâmic). A odontometria foi realizada com localizador apical e confirmada por radiografia periapical e o repreparo do canal radicular confeccionado com a Lima EasyLogic 2® de número 35.06 e posterior irrigação com a solução de Labarraque. Nesse momento, o paciente relatou dor e após aspiração com sugador endodôntico, notou-se sangramento abundante, correspondendo ao extravasamento do hipoclorito de sódio (Enfizema por hipoclorito de sódio. O paciente foi medicado com Amoxacilina 875mg de 12 em 12 horas durante sete dias, Predisin 20mg ­ Corticóide - um comprimido pela manhã por 4 dias e Nimesulida 100mg de 12 em 12 horas durante 5 dias. Após 24 horas o paciente não relatou dor nem edema. Na segunda sessão, 10 dias após o acidente, a obturação foi realizada com cone único de guta-percha 35.06 HBassi (Easy, associado ao cimento Bio C Sealer Fillapex (Angelus®). Concluiu-se que a conduta terapêutica imediata instituída para este caso, foi efetiva para o controle da dor e prevenção de complicações adicionais após injeção acidental de hipoclorito de sódio.

Endodontic retreatment is an intervention performed on a tooth that already has a previously performed treatment that was clinically and/ or radiographically unsuccessful. The objective of this study was to report a case of endodontic retreatment at the Primary Care Clinic III of the Faculty of Dentistry of Pernambuco due to the aesthetic discomfort of the maxillary lateral incisor that was fractured and required a fixed prosthesis. After anamnesis, extra and intraoral exams and radiographic exams, it was found that the root canal of tooth 12 had been endodontically treated for approximately four years. Removal of contaminated gutta percha with those performed with EasyLogic RT® 25mm rotary files sequence 30.10 torque 4N and 900 RPM, 25.08 torque 4N and 900 RPM. After removing the gutta-percha, the irrigation protocol was performed with a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (Biodynamic). Odontometry was performed with an apex locator and confirmed by periapical radiography and root canal re-preparation made with EasyLogic 2® File number 35.06 and subsequent irrigation with Labarraque's solution. At that moment, the patient reported pain and after aspiration with an endodontic sucker, there was profuse bleeding, corresponding to sodium hypochlorite extravasation (Sodium hypochlorite emphysema. The patient was medicated with Amoxicillin 875mg every 12 hours for seven days, Predisin 20mg - Corticosteroid - one tablet in the morning for 4 days and Nimesulide 100mg every 12 hours for 5 days. After 24 hours the patient did not report pain or swelling. In the second session, 10 days after the accident, the filling was performed with a single cone of gutta-percha 35.06 HBassi (Easy, associated with Bio C Sealer Fillapex cement (Angelus®). It was concluded that the immediate therapeutic approach instituted for this case was effective for pain control and prevention of complications. additional doses after accidental injection of sodium hypochlorite.

El retratamiento endodóntico es una intervención que se realiza sobre un diente que ya tiene un tratamiento realizado previamente que resultó clínica y/o radiográficamente fallido. El objetivo de este estudio fue relatar un caso de retratamiento endodóntico en la Clínica de Atención Básica III de la Facultad de Odontología de Pernambuco debido a la incomodidad estética del incisivo lateral maxilar que estaba fracturado y requirió prótesis fija. Después de anamnesis, exámenes extraorales, intraorales y exámenes radiográficos, se encontró que el conducto radicular del diente 12 había sido tratado endodónticamente durante aproximadamente cuatro años. Eliminación de gutapercha contaminada con las realizadas con limas rotatorias EasyLogic RT® 25mm secuencia 30.10 torque 4N y 900 RPM, 25.08 torque 4N y 900 RPM. Tras retirar la gutapercha, se realizó el protocolo de irrigación con una solución de hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% (Biodynamic). Se realizó odontometría con localizador de ápices y se confirmó mediante radiografía periapical y repreparación del conducto radicular realizada con EasyLogic 2® File número 35.06 y posterior irrigación con solución de Labarraque. En ese momento el paciente refirió dolor y luego de aspiración con ventosa endodóntica presentó sangrado profuso, correspondiente a extravasación de hipoclorito de sodio (Enfisema por hipoclorito de sodio. El paciente fue medicado con Amoxicilina 875mg cada 12 horas por siete días. Predisin 20mg - Corticosteroide - una tableta por la mañana por 4 días y Nimesulida 100mg cada 12 horas por 5 días, luego de 24 horas el paciente no refirió dolor ni hinchazón, en la segunda sesión, 10 días después del accidente, se realizó el relleno con un solo cono de gutapercha 35.06 HBassi (Easy, asociado al cemento Bio C Sealer Fillapex (Angelus®). Se concluyó que el abordaje terapéutico inmediato instituido para este caso fue eficaz para el control del dolor y la prevención de complicaciones. dosis adicionales después de accidente inyección de hipoclorito de sodio.

Fiebre tifoidea: una etiología poco frecuente de síndrome febril prolongado en pediatría / Typhoid fever: a rare etiology of prolonged febrile illness in pediatrics / Febre tifoide: uma etiología rara de síndrome febril prolongada em pediatría

Introducción: Las infecciones representan la etiología más frecuente del síndrome febril prolongado (SFP). Si bien las fiebres entéricas constituyen una causa posible, en Uruguay su prevalencia ha disminuido significativamente con la mejora de las condiciones socio sanitarias. Objetivo: Comunicar el caso de un adolescente con una etiología actualmente excepcional de SFP. Caso clínico 14 años, sano, zona suburbana. Comienza 2 semanas previo al ingreso con dolor en hemiabdomen superior. Agrega cefalea holocraneana leve y vómitos ocasionales. 5 días previos al ingreso fiebre 40°C axilar, un pico diario, sin otra sintomatología. Tránsito digestivo bajo y urinario normal. Examen físico: lúcido, buen aspecto general, abdomen doloroso a la palpación profunda en epigastrio. Sin irritación peritoneal. Resto normal. Analítica: Leucocitos 5200mm3, Proteína C reactiva 71.4mg/dL, hemocultivo sin desarrollo. Ecografía abdominal, radiografía de tórax y ecocardiograma normales. Serologías para Virus Epstein Barr, Citomegalovirus, y Bartonella henselae negativas. Orina normal, urocultivo sin desarrollo. Persiste con fiebre, agrega exantema macropapular evanescente en tronco, sin otros síntomas. Al 7° día de internación nuevo hemocultivo: Salmonella Typhi sensible a ampicilina que recibe por 14 días. Buena evolución. Discusión: La fiebre tifoidea es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, aguda, potencialmente mortal. Las condiciones socioeconómicas son determinantes en su transmisión. La sensibilidad del hemocultivo es mayor durante la primera semana de enfermedad, por lo que en ocasiones es necesario reiterarlo. Sus manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y la baja incidencia hacen que esta etiología no sea habitualmente sospechada en nuestro medio. Por tanto, es importante aumentar el índice de sospecha y considerar entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de SFP esta etiología.

Introduction: Infections are the most frequent etiology of prolonged febrile illness (PFI). Although enteric fevers are a possible cause, their prevalence has significantly diminished in Uruguay, due to improved socio-sanitary conditions. Objective: To communicate the case of an adolescent with a currently exceptional etiology of PFI. Clinical case: 14 years old, healthy, suburban area. Two days prior to admission the patient has pain in upper hemi abdomen. Adds mild holocranial headache and occasional vomiting. 5 days prior to admission axilary temperature of 40°C, one daily peak, without other symptoms. Normal lower digestive and urinary transit. Physical examination: lucid, good general aspect, pain at deep palpation in epigastrium. No peritoneal irritation. Rest is normal. Laboratory: leukocytes 5200 mm3, C-reactive protein 71.4mg/dL, blood culture shows no growth. Abdominal sonogram, thoracic X-ray and echocardiogram are normal. Negative serology for Epstein Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus and Bartonella henselae. Normal urine, urine culture with no growth. Fever persists, adds evanescent macropapular exanthema in on the trunk, without other symptoms. On the 7th day in hospital a new blood culture shows Salmonella Typhi sensitive to ampicillin, which he receives for 14 days. Good evolution. Discussion: Typhoid fever is an acute, life-threatening, infectious disease. Socioeconomic conditions are determinant in its transmission. Blood culture sensitivity is greater during the first week of the disease, that is why it must occasionally be repeated. Its unspecific clinical manifestations and low incidence make this etiology not be usually suspected in our surroundings. It is therefore important to increase our suspicion and to consider it amongst differential diagnosis in PFI.

Introdução: As infecções representam a etiologia mais frequente da síndrome febril prolongada (SFP). Embora as febres entéricas sejam uma causa possível, no Uruguai sua prevalência diminuiu significativamente com a melhoria das condições sociossanitárias. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um adolescente com etiologia atualmente excepcional de SFP. Caso clínico 14 anos, saudável, zona suburbana. Começa 2 semanas antes da admissão com dor no abdome superior. Adiciona dor de cabeça holocraniana leve e vômitos ocasionais. 5 dias antes da admissão febre 40°C axilar, pico diário, sem outros sintomas. Trânsito digestivo inferior e trânsito urinário normais. Exame físico: lúcido, bom aspecto geral, abdome doloroso à palpação profunda no epigástrio. Sem irritação peritoneal. Resto normal. Análise: Leucócitos 5200mm3, proteína C reativa 71,4mg/dL, hemocultura sem desenvolvimento. Ultrassonografia abdominal, radiografia de tórax e ecocardiograma foram normais. As sorologias para vírus Epstein Barr, Citomegalovírus e Bartonella henselae foram negativas. Urina normal, urocultura sem desenvolvimento. Persiste com febre, acrescenta erupção macropapular evanescente no tronco, sem outros sintomas. No 7º dia de internação, nova hemocultura: Salmonella Typhi sensível à ampicilina, que recebeu por 14 dias. Boa evolução. Discussão: A febre tifóide é uma doença infecciosa aguda, potencialmente fatal. As condições socioeconômicas são decisivas na sua transmissão. A sensibilidade da hemocultura é maior durante a primeira semana da doença, por isso às vezes é necessário repeti-la. Suas manifestações clínicas inespecíficas e baixa incidência fazem com que essa etiologia não seja usualmente suspeitada em nosso meio. Portanto, é importante aumentar o índice de suspeição e considerar essa etiologia entre os diagnósticos diferenciais da SFP.

Actinomycosis, a lurking threat: a report of 11 cases and literature review

Abstract Actinomycosis remains characteristically uncommon, but is still an important cause of morbidity. Its clinical presentation is usually indolent and chronic as slow growing masses that can evolve into fistulae, and for that reason are frequently underdiagnosed. Actinomyces spp is often disregarded clinically and is classified as a colonizing microorganism. In this review of literature, we concomitantly present 11 cases of actinomycosis with different localizations, diagnosed at a tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2016. We outline the findings of at least one factor of immunosuppression in > 90% of the reported cases.

Estudo prospectivo randomizado de duplo cego de dois protocolos de cobertura antibiótica na prevenção de osteorradionecrose em pacientes tratados com radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço / Prospective randomized double blind study of two antibiotics protocols for the prevention of osteoradionecrosis following dental extractions in irradiated head and neck cancer patients

A osteorradionecrose (ORN) dos maxilares é uma grave complicação do tratamento radioterápico do câncer de cabeça e pescoço. A realização de exodontias em pacientes que realizaram radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço aumenta o risco de ocorrer osteorradionecrose. Foi realizado estudo prospectivo randomizado e duplo cego com dois protocolos antibióticos utilizados para prevenir a ocorrência de ORN. Pacientes do grupo 1 (G1) utilizaram cobertura antibiótica com amoxicilina 500 mg, a cada 8 horas, via oral, por 8 dias iniciando um dia antes da exodontia, pacientes do grupo 2 (G2) utilizaram cobertura antibiótica com amoxicilina 500mg a cada 8 horas via oral, por 4 dias, iniciando um dia antes do procediemento, continuando por 3 dias após a cirurgia, e utilizando placebo de igual aparência por 4 dias. Onze pacientes foram incluídos no estudo sendo 10 deles do sexo masculino. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 56± 7anos, e 63,6% utilizaram mais de 6.000 cGy durante a radioterapia. Foram realizados 36 procedimentos cirúrgicos, e 51 dentes foram extraídos. Dois pacientes (18,1%) apresentaram três áreas (5,9%) com sinais de ORN em um período médio de acompanhamento de 10± 7 meses. Todos as áreas necróticas ocorreram em região posterior (pré-molares e molares), apresentavam um ou os dois dentes com presença de lesão radiográfica, ocorreram após cirurgias com duração maior que 13 minutos, e apresentavam 1 ou 2 dentes com doença periodontal como motivo da exodontia. Duas áreas necróticas ocorreram em mandíbula, e um em maxila. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a prevalência de sinais de ORN quando considerado o número de pacientes, procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados, dentes extraídos ou o protocolo antibiótico utilizado. O protocolo utilizado por G2 reduziu o risco de sinais de ORN em pacientes que receberam tratamento radioterápico em região de cabeça e pescoço e que necessitaram remover dentes devido a doença periodontal.

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of jaws is a severe complication of head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Dental extractions in irradiated head and neck cancer patients increases ORN risk. A prospective, randomized, double blind study with two different ORN prevention antibiotics protocols were performed. Group 1 patients (G1) received 8th hourly oral amoxicillin 500mg for 8 days starting 1 day pre extraction, and group 2 patients (G2) received 8th hourly oral amoxicillin 500mg for 4 days starting 1 day pre extraction, followed by 4 days of a same appearance placebo drug. A total of 11 patients (10 male and one female) underwent extractions of teeth. Mean age of the patients was 56± 7 years, and 63,6% received more than 6.000cGy radiation dosages. Thirty-six surgery procedures were performed, and 51 teeth were extracted. After a mean follow-up period of 10± 7 months three ORN signals (maxilla 1/mandible 2) were reported, in 2 (18,1%) patients. Necrotic areas envolve theposterior region of jaws, presented previous radiographic lesion, had more than 13 minutes of surgery time, and envolved teeth with periodontal disease. No difference in ORN prevalence beetwen groups of patients, surgical procedures, or removed teeth were detected. The G2 protocol decreased ORN risk when teeth with periodontal problems were extracted.

Self-medication in Children and Young Patients at University Dental Service

Objective: To analyze the pattern of self-medication in cases of dental infection for children and pre-teens at University Dental Service. Material and Methods: It was performed a structured survey interview with the parents/caregivers of the patients. The survey consisted in seventeen questions about tooth infection episodes experienced by the children during their lives, and which medication was used, as well as information about demographic characteristics of the patient and parents/caregivers. Statistical analysis was performed with the Software SPSS for Windows, version 15.0. Descriptive analysis was performed (mean and standard deviation [SD] or median and percentis). The association between the self-medication and the variables (child age, mother age, mother educational level) was measured by chi-squared test. Results: One hundred and fifty questionnaires were analyzed. In episodes of dental infection, the most common medicaments were amoxicillin (34.8%) and acetaminophen (32.6%). The practice of self-medication was observed in 21.7% of cases. There was no association between the self-medication and the variables as child age, mother age and mother educational level (P>.05; chi-squared test). Conclusion: Children treated at University Dental Service were exposed to frequent previous use of medicines without prescription, and the data revealed a non-rational use of medications.

Eficacia de la triple terapia, omeprazol, amoxicilina, claritromicina en la erradicación de helicobacter pylori en el hospital petrolero obrajes / Effectiveness of triple therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin in eradication helicobacter pylori in the hospital petrolero obrajes

OBJETIVO: determinar la eficacia del tratamiento estándar con, omeprazol, amoxicilina, claritromicina en la erradicación del Helicobacter pylori en los pacientes que acuden al servicio de gastroenterología en la Caja Petrolera de Salud. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio pacientes que acudieron a consulta externa en gastroenterología en el Hospital Petrolero de Obrajes en el periodo 01 de marzo al 30 de noviembre de 2013. Se excluyeron pacientes que tomaron antibióticos, inhibidor de bomba de protones, así como pacientes gastrectomizados o con Hemorragia digestiva, iniciaron el trabajo 122 pacientes, fueron excluidos 42 pacientes, 80 pacientes concluyeron el estudio. En todos se realizó endoscopia digestiva alta más biopsias para histopatología y test ureasa rápida, luego se indicó tratamiento por 10 días con omeprazol, claritromicina, amoxicilina, entre 30-60 días post tratamiento se realizó la endoscopia de control con biopsias para histopatología y test ureasa rápida. Se realizó estudio estadístico de las variables sometidas a un programa de SPSS versión 16.0, considerando el estudio como significativo a una p< 0.005. RESULTADOS: concluyeron el trabajo 80 pacientes, en los cuales se realizó endoscopia digestiva alta más biopsias pre y post tratamiento. 35% fueron hombres y un 65% mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 46 años, la tasa de erradicación fue de 72.5%. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien el porcentaje de erradicación se considera bajo a moderado, 72.5%, se hizo notar que en 16 pacientes considerados positivos en el segundo control histopatológico se reportaron como muy escasa formas de H. pylori lo que hace inferir que estos pacientes estaban respondiendo al manejo. Prolongando el tratamiento se lograrían tasas de erradicación consideradas óptimas, 92%.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the efficacy of conventional treatment with Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, clarithromycin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients presenting to the gastroenterology in the Hospital Petrolero de Obrajes. METHODS: the study patients attending out patient gastroenterology included in the clinic from the box all health, in the period march 1 to November 30 of2013. Patients taking antibiotics or protom pump inhibitor, were excluded, and gastrectomy or gastrointestinal bleeding were. Initially managed enroll 122 patients were excluded 42 patients, 80 patients the initiated and concluded the study, in all upper endoscopy it was performed more biopsy for histopathology. The treatment indicated 10 days whit omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin, between 30 a 60 days post treatment control endoscopy whit biopsy was performed for histopathology and rapid urease test, statistical analysis was performed of the variables subject to a program of SPSS version 16.0 considering the studio as significant a p<0.005. RESULTS: 80 patients were included in which the endoscopic biopsy study was conducted pre and post treatment 35% were male and 65% female. The average age was 46. Cup was achieved eradication 72.5%. CONCLUSIONS: although the percentage of eradication is considered moderate 72,5%, it was noted thatis 16 patients considered positive in the second control few forms of reported Helicobacter pylori, it is making infer that these patients were responding to treatment, perhaps failure treatment time, adding the percentage of patients eradication rates considered would achieve optimal 92%.

Agenesis or pseudoagenesis of the dorsal pancreas / Agenesia ou pseudoagenesia do pâncreas dorsal

The authors present an evidence-based case report of a patient with agenesis or pseudoagenesis of the dorsal pancreas.

Os autores apresentam um relato de caso baseado em evidência de uma paciente com agenesia ou pseudoagenesia de pâncreas dorsal.

The effect of systemic antibiotics administered during the active phase of non-surgical periodontal therapy or after the healing phase: a systematic review

Objective The aim of this systematic review was to compare the clinical effectiveness of systemic antibiotics administered in the active stage of periodontal treatment or after the healing phase. Material and Methods An electronic search was performed in the databases EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. A manual search of the reference list of selected studies and of review articles was also performed up to November 2013. Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) that evaluated the systemic administration of antibiotics as adjuvants to scaling and root planning (SRP) at different phases of periodontal treatment were included. Systematic reviews and studies that evaluated subjects with systemic diseases and those that used subantimicrobial doses of antibiotics were excluded. Results The initial search identified 1,039 articles, of which seven were selected, and only one met the inclusion criteria. This study showed that subjects taking metronidazole and amoxicillin at the initial phase of treatment exhibited statistically significantly greater reduction in pocket depth and gain in clinical attachment level in initially deep sites (PD≥7 mm) than subjects taking antibiotics after healing (p<0.05). This comparison was conducted 2 months after antibiotic intake, at the healing phase. Conclusion To date, only one short-term RCT has directly compared different moments of systemic antibiotics administration, as adjuncts to SRP, in the treatment of periodontitis. Although the results of this study suggested some benefits for antibiotics intake during the active phase of therapy, these findings need to be confirmed by larger placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials with longer follow-up periods. .

An overview of malaria transmission from the perspective of Amazon Anopheles vectors

In the Americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in the Amazon Forest, which extends across nine countries. One keystone step to understanding the Plasmodium life cycle in Anopheles species from the Amazon Region is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. Several attempts to colonise Ano- pheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no success at all. In this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from the perspective of its Amazon vectors. Currently, it is possible to develop experimental Plasmodium vivax infection of the colonised and field-captured vectors in laboratories located close to Amazonian endemic areas. We are also reviewing studies related to the immune response to P. vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalis, a coastal mosquito species. Finally, we discuss the importance of the modulation of Plasmodium infection by the vector microbiota and also consider the anopheline genomes. The establishment of experimental mosquito infections with Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites that could provide interesting models for studying malaria in the Amazonian scenario is important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the parasites in New World vectors is crucial in order to better determine the interaction process and vectorial competence.

Efficacy of 7-Day and 14-Day Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy and 7-Day and 14-Day Moxifloxacin-Based Triple Therapy as Second-Line Eradication for Helicobacter pylori Infection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bismuth-containing quadruple and moxifloxacin-based triple regimens are recommended as second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of each regimen. METHODS: From August 2004 to October 2012, a total of 949 patients (mean age, 54.32+/-12.08 years; male, 49.4%) who failed H. pylori eradication with a standard triple regimen were included. Patients treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple regimen for 7 and 14 days were designated as 7-BMT and 14-BMT, respectively, and those treated with a moxifloxacin-based triple regimen for 7 and 14 days were designated as 7-MA and 14-MA, respectively. H. pylori eradication was confirmed using the 13C-urea breath test, rapid urease test or histology. RESULTS: The eradication rates by 7-BMT, 14-BMT, 7-MA, and 14-MA were 66.4% (290/437), 71.1% (113/159), 53.1% (51/96), and 73.5% (189/257), respectively, by intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) and 76.5% (284/371), 83.8% (109/130), 55.6% (50/90), and 80.6% (187/232), respectively, by per-protocol analysis (PP). The eradication rates were higher in 14-BMT than 7-BMT by the ITT and PP analyses (p=0.277 and p=0.082, respectively). The 14-BMT and 14-MA treatments showed similar efficacies by ITT and PP (p=0.583 and p=0.443, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The 7-BMT, 14-BMT, and 14-MA treatments showed similar and suboptimal efficacies. In both regimens, extending the duration of treatment may be reasonable considering the high level of antibiotic resistance in Korea.

Uso de diferentes protocolos antibióticos en cirugía implantológica en las ciudades de Antofagasta, Concepción y Temuco / Use of different antibiotics protocols in implantologic surgery in the cities of Antofagasta, Concepción and Temuco

El uso masivo de antibióticos en implantología, sin un respaldo científico adecuado y que justifique su uso, ha sido y es en la actualidad, un tema que debe ser analizado y discutido, así como la resistencia bacteriana asociada. Es por este motivo que se realiza una encuesta diagnóstica, dirigida a cirujano dentistas con formación en cirugía de implantes, pertenecientes a las ciudades de Antofagasta, Concepción y Temuco, con el objetivo de conocer la realidad local en relación a los prototocolos antibióticos utilizados en cirugía de implantes dentales.

The massive use of antibiotics in implant dentistry, without adequate scientific support that justify their use, has been and is currently, an issue that must be analyzed and discussed, and the associated bacterial resistance. For this reason it makes a diagnostic survey, aimed at dentists trained in implant surgery, belonging to the cities of Antofagasta, Concepción and Temuco, in order to know the local situation with regard to the antibiotics used in surgery protocols of dental implants.